Signal system.



A. N. HOVLAND.

` SIGNAL SYSTEM. APPLIOATION vILBD JAN. 27. 1909.

Patented sept. 16, 19113.

fw, Fhm@ A. N. HovLAND. SIGNAL SYSIBM. APPLIUATIGN FlLBD JAN. 27, 1909.

Patented Sept. 1'6, 1913.

a enne-SHEET 2.

Inventor.

Witnesses. 0MM 2&2

A. N. HOVLAND.

A SIGNAL SYSTEM.' n APPLIOATIOH FILED mm1, 1909.y v- 1,073,1 PatentedSept. V16, 1913. s sums-SHEET s.

. J. l I l l I l I l IV.'

Inventor.

me mh 00,9

Wifnsses.

A. N. HOVLAND.

SIGNAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FIL'BD JAN. 27, 1909.

Patented Sept. 16, 1913.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

A. N. HOVLAND.

SIGNAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 27, 1909.

yPatented Sept. 16, 19.13.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

A. N. HOVLAND.

SIGNAL SYSTEM.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 27, 1909..

Patented Sept. 16, 1913. V

- 8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Witnesses. fue l.

www

A. N. HOVLAND.

SIGNAL SYSTEM. APlLIOLATION FILED JAN. 27, 1909.

Patented Sept. 16, 1913.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

' Inventor Witnesses.

11.11.110VLAND.

SIGNAL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 27, 1909.

Patented sept. 16,1913.

' A i Y Witnesses. A I i Inventor.

jj) Z 2 1.

i ing drawings,

ABRAHAM NILSEN HovLAND, or MELsoMvIx,

SIGNAL SYSTEM.

siaecinatidn of Letters Patent,

NEAR STAKKE, onwAY.

Patented Sept. 16, 1 913.

Application led January 27, 1909.l Serial No. 474,490.

To all whom t may concern."

Be it known that I, ABRAHAM NinsEN HOVLAND, a subject of the King ofNorway,

residing at Melsomvik, near Stakke, No1'- way,. ha've invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Signal' Systems; and I do hereby declarethe following to `be a full,

clear, and exact description ofthe invention,

such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the saine, reference being had to the accompanyand to`letters or gur'es of rer'-, erence marked thereon, which form a part ofthis. specification. v

The present invention relates toV asystem and meansfor transmittingsignals and producing other actions with or -without the use of wiresand -aims at producing out of several actions produced at a vpracticaldistance one particular action, fby means of some novelv characteristicarrangements through the'agency' of short or long impulses of currentor. through Thus the production at a distance of some tant motion is'ready combinations of the same.-

desired motion or other, such as the steering ,of a torpedo, a submarineboat, a vessel, etc.,

the ignition of a particular mine of afield of mines, the productionof'a particular 0p tical, acoustic or electric slgnal, the drawing offigures, printing of letters and so on can b e effected by closing forinstance a ce'- tain circuit, acco-rding to the combination of currentimpulses chosen.

The 'invention also relates to arrangements, by means of which from thedistant place or apparatus, where the distant motion is to be eiected,controlling signals can be automaticallyproduced, Warningthe operatingperson at the transmitting station when the circuit breaker'for theproper disto be closed. When such operation is desired, with 'the aid oielectromagnetic waves must be placed electric waves,` a transmittingapparatus' for at. the

receiving station, the torpedo, the mine or v the like, ifthe signalingor lthe like is to be vation of effected without the use of a Wire.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the annexed drawings.

Figures 1, la and -2 are diagrams illustratingwthe principle of theinvention. Fig. 3

,is a sectional view of a form of telegra h re-f ceiving apparatus withtype-printing. evice.

Fig. 4 is aside elevation of the sameapparatus partly in section.All Fi4a is an ele the opposite vside o the apparatus 'of theparts shown inplan, partly in section,

'briefly explained, reference being had toFigs.

'cont-act combination .or

closed and the armatures o' from that shown in-Fig. 4. Fig. 5 is a de'tall vlew of the apparatus. Fig.` ,5a is al view simi-lar to Fig. 5 withthe parts in dif;

ferent position. Fig. S51/is a section on line II-I'l of Fig. 5f. Fig.5. "s a plan of Fig.l 5B. Fig. 6 1s a dlagrammatic view of a combinedtransmitting and receiving apparatus,

likewise intended' for transmitting pr1nted slgnals. Fig. 7' is a.diagram illustrating an arrangement for transmitting 'control signalsat the receiver station. -F ig.. 8 is a modified vform .of transmittingapparatus'. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section through some Fig. 8. Fig.10 is a t of the lower part of Fig. 9. Fig.' ll'is a vertical sectionvat right angles to the view shown iiilFig. 9.

The principle of the invention will be rst l, 1a and 2. On a disk of anysuitable form," a drum, or the like are placed several rows of metal Sstripsor -contactsl varranged in groups, Fig. I, so `that each row formsa signal, for instance Morse signal, difieren from those combina'- tionsof the other ro s. The short groups correspond for instance'to a shortimpulse ofcurrent or to a dot, the long groups toa long impulse ofcurrent or to a dash. In' each dot-group two,or moremetal strips aremade use of, in each dash-group a greater number! is used accordingy tothe lengthl of lthe dash. The strips of each group are'insulated fromeach other; but the extreme strips of the diierent groups in the samerow are electrically connected with each other.v The'two extreme stripsof each row are connected by conductors 2 with a source of current 3,such as one or more galvanlc` cells,

and with one or more electro-magnets 4. Thus across each row of -metalstrips there vcan be closed by suitable means acircuit consisting of thecontact groups l'of the row in question, and one or more electro-magnets4. long as not all'the several metal'strips' in the row are in metallicconnection with each other, there will, however,

tween the different insulated metal. strips.w If now across` such arowthere is passed one or more. metal pieces 5, which together cover orconnect all the metal strips 1` in.tl`1e row, the circuit of the row inthe .magnet or magnets will be attracted'.` The said metal the source ofcurrent 3 '100 be ,breaks in the circuit, the .breaks being formed be-'uestioiifjwill be 110 pieces 5 can now be arranged as a kind 'of type6, so that the latter will correspond exactly to the groups in the rowwhich it has to cover, and such a form or len th be given to the otherrows that thetype ormed does not cover or connect all the metal stripsin these rows. Thereby it is attained that a certain (Morse) type canonly close the circuit across av certain row, the groups of whichcorrespond to the projecting metal portions of the type in question. Ifsuch a type is passed across all the rows, the circuit of theelectro-magnet 4 will, consequently, not be closed, until thetype coversthe row that has a group arrangement corresponding to the type. If nowfor each row there be arranged a letter type 7 or a circuit breaker 8and the electro-magnet 4 be caused to move together with the Morse typeacross the row, the electro-magnet will act on its armature 9, which isformed as a hammer, and cause it to strike just as the type 6 passes therowv corresponding to the same. It can be s o arranged that the hammer 9strikes down over the letter type 7 corresponding to the row and printsthe same onto a paper strip, or strikesv against the correspondi breaker8 and closes the same. If now Itie circuit breaker belongs to anothercircuit with source of current 10,

electro-'magnet 11, motor 12, electric ignit-v ing cartridge 13 orthelike, a certain circuit can be closed to produce a certain mot-ion orel'ect a'certain object, for instance to act on' the rudder of atorpedo, to discharge a mine or the like. In Fig. 1 there is shown aMorse type 6 corresponding to the internationalr signal The closing ofthe contact can also be effected by causing l the drum or the like withthe contact rows to glide across the Morse type 6, when the same hasbeen formed, while this Morse type and the magnet 4 retain theirposition. 'When the Morse type meets the corresponding row of contacts,the hammer 9 will strike down and print from the letter type.

Ifv the contact rows are arranged around thecircumference of a drum, thelatter may be caused to rotate about its axis, when the Morse type' 6has been formed. On the whole, it is entirely immaterial, whether thecontact rows are caused to move and the Morse type to remain fixed', orvice versa; it is likewise immaterial whether the contact vdrum vand theMorse type are placed. in a vertical, in an inclined, or in ahorizont-al position.

In an apparatus intended for closing different circuits the moresuitable arrangement is that in which thecontact rows with the circuitbreakers are stationary, while the Morse type moves around; all thelines can then be coupled to the circuit breakers that are to be closed.The installation of ysuch a Morse type or the like can be eii'ected in28 are' released' from their lower position by various ways. It may beformed as a posi# tive or negative type. The several metal pieces 5 mayfor instance be arranged 1n a frame or slide 14, Figs. 1 and 2, andthese j metal pieces 5, which are hereinafter called type pieces arearranged one alongside the other and in such a way as to enable them tobe pushed upward, be turned to one side, or be pulled down, and then beretained in their new position. To push the type pieces 5 upward theremay for instance beused an `electro-magnet 15, which is, moved with anvstation, either through an ordinary telegraph line or by electric-waves.In a wire telegraph the line 19 may be connected directly with theelectro-magnet, as shown in Fig. 1. In a wireless telegraph theelectrornagnet is connected with a battery 20 and a relay 21I which is,in usual manner, insei-ted in a circuit with wave indicator 22 andsourceof current 23, as shown in Fig. 2. Many kinds of apparatus,receiving as well as transmitting apparatus, can be constructedv all ofwhich are based-on the above principle. form of receiving apparatus hasbeen shown as an example. In explaining the apparatus and its mannenofoperation, reference being had to the said figures, the presumption isthat a, wire telegraph is made use of. 24 designates a drum ofwood,ebonite, or the like, rotatably mounted in a frame 25, and with asmany'rows of metal pieces 1 ter types to be used. The'letter types areplaced on a specialtype wheel 26 mounted on the shaft 27 of the drum, soas to enable it to be stopped for quite a short time during the rotationof the shaft. Under this contact drum a lseries of contacts or type InFigs.- 3, 4, 5, 5*, 5b and 5c a' y sunk into its circumference as thereare let- 4 pieces .5, Figs. 5 to5c have been arranged on lspring arms 28acting in an upward direction and mounted on a rod 29. These type pieces5 are retained in the lower position, shown'in Fig. 5, by hooklevers 30,which, when they are acted upon in an upward direction, will release thearhis 28, so that thev latter can swing upward into the upper position,shown in Fig. 5, in which position they are stopped at somey distancefrom the drum by a bar 31 mounted in a frame 32 pivoted on the rod `29.The arms risoI Aao block 34 mounted onV the screw 16, which arm 33 isprovided wth'an inclined lug 35,.

Figs. 3 and 5b adapted to-engage the hooklevers 30. An eccentricdisk 36in the block 34, is by means of groove and tongue slidablymounted on and4rotatable withv a Vrod 37 which is mounted in the frame 25 and extendsthrough the block 34', and will, when said rod is rotated, press the arm33 upward thereby causing thelug 35 to' engage the lever and release thearms 28, which are then forced upward. In Fig. 5"l the 2nd, 5th, 6th,and 7th metal pieces. are shown in their raised position after havingbeen carried upward. Thus these four metal pieces form the Morse typewhich is here taken as an example. As will be seen from Figs. 5a to 5beach metal piece 5 at' its lower end terminates in a forked extension 'ceX- tending through a perforated plate 28. Between the tines of theforkedportion cthere is pivotally mounted the two armed lever 30, theupper'longer arm b of which engages the plate 28 throughwhich the forkedmember extends. A. small plate spring (shown to the left of the arm bi)tends to force the'arm'b'over to the right so as to makeitnormally`engage the underside of the plate, whereby the metal piece 5 isse Acured inI its lower-most position. If now the l arm b isforcedso farto the left as to make journaled in the frgmeand-extends through it passthrough the hole in theplate (z'. e. when it occupies the same positionas the sides of the fork), 4then the metal piece 5` will be forcedsomewhat upward by the spring 28, belonging thereto. The lever arm b isforced to the left each time the arm 33 is turned upward by a lug K82engaging' the arm a of lever 30 which Vthen moves upward, the arm Z7simultaneously moving to the left.

lThe arm 33 is raised each time vthe rod 37 ro` tates, and this ccurs,when an impulse of current passes through the electro-magnet 47 (Fig.4). Those metal pieces 5, which are engaged intransmittingletters or thelike (in the example chosen No. 2, 5, 6, and.

ed in the block,the jaws ofwhich tongs are provided with female threadsand are. kept open by means of a spring 39, andthey can be presseda'gainst the screw by'means of an eccentric disk- 40u pivotally placedin the block 34'; this disk 40 .is slidably but not rotatably mounted ona 'rod 414 `which is the block -and the eccentric disk40. The' rods 37and 41'are provided-with arms '42,

43 respectively' and connected by links 'and 45, with the armature '46lof an'electrolmagnet 47, so that, when this magnet is excited, the rods37 and41 will be rtated with their eccentric disks. The armature isprovided in a well knownmanner with a r'eleasing spring.

The screw 16 is moved with uniform velocity by an electromo-tor or aclockwork 48 in a well known manner, for instance by means of frictiondisks 49, 50, and to enable the revolving velocity of the screw to becontrolled, the motor 48 is slidably mounted in a guide 51 in which itcan be adjusted by a screw 52, so that the friction disk 49 can bebrought nearer to o-r farther from the center of the friction disk 50.

In the block 34 is provided an arm 53 pivoted on a pin 54 and acted uponby a spring 55 (F ig. 3) which arm, as soon as the jaws 38 of the tongshave been forced by the eccentric disk 36 against the screw 16, will beacted upon by the spring 55 in such a manner that its rear end will bebrought in between the arms 56 of the tongs and hold the tongs inengaging contact with the screw, even after the magnet 47 has ceased toact. The tongs will be disengaged from thev screw 16, when the block 34has moved so far that the foremost end 57 of thearm 53 engages a lug 58on the frame, which lug raises the foremost end of the arm therebyremoving its rear end from the arms of the tongs, so that the tongs willbe opened by the spring 39. The block 34 is then moved quickly backwardby a lever 59 which is pivotedat 61 and acted upon by a spring 60, saidleverhaving a .blt'urcated portion 62 engaging a projection 63 on theblock. l

`The above-mentioned l frame 32 is provided with a lug 64 (Figs. 5 to5.) which is Aadapted to be swung laterally and is acted upon by. aspring 64a which lug is just oppo.- site a groove 65 in' one end of thedrum 24, the lugl being able to enter the said groove through a vlot 66in the drum outside the\ first row of contacts, when the frame is v .ingfrom` the --armature 69 of the electro-l the frame 32'is engaged magnetv70. This armature, which is pro` vlded 1n a well known manner with areleaslng spr1ng,lnot'shown, also carries air arm 71 engaging alug 72,Fig l arm 73 pivotally mounted at 74fandvcarry'- ing a roller 75 overwhich runs a paper strip' 76. The bifurcated endv67 of the arm i 68 andthe frame 32 are retained in the' position shown ,in Fig. 5 by a hook78, onone arnrof a bell crank lever 77, catching the bifurcated end 67.The bellvcrank lever is pivoted on a pin 79 and retained by a spring 80in the engaging position. The other end of this bell crank lever has aninclined nose 81 against which a lug 82 on the block 34 strikes, whenthe block has reached its extreme position on the right hand side thelever 77 is thereby swung so as to cause its hook 78 to disengage t-hebfurcated end 67 which, under the action of the spring of the larmature69, will then force the frame 32 with the lug 64 up against the drum, sothat the lug on reaching the slot 66 will enter the groove 65 and allowthe frame to swing up so as to cause the type pieces 5, to glide on thedrum surface.

The paper strip 7 6, Fig. 4a is wound on a druln 83 which is disposed inthe base 84 of the apparatus and said strip is'passed from thedrumacross guide rolls 85, 86, 87, 88 to the rcller.7 5 from which itenters between feed rollers 89, 90, the irst of which is coupled by apinion 91 on the shaft of the roller 89, which pinion engages a..toothedsegment 92. The shaft of this segment has an extended portion 93 whichextends .through a corresponding aperture in the portion 94, Fig. 5, ofthe block 34. During the reciprocating motion of the block on the screw16 the toothed segment 92 and with it also the pinion 91 will thereforebe moved alternately in opposite directions -and by means of any wellknown mechanism not shown Ilocated between the pinion 91- and the roller89, movement of the pinion 91 in one direction, will be imparted to theroller 89, while the latter will remain stationary during the movementof the pinion in the opposite direction so that the roller 89 with itsclamp roller 90 will be movedand pull the paper strip 76 forward acertain' distance each time the block 34 ismoved from the left to theright onthe screw 16. The end disks 95, 96, Fig. 3, of the drum 24 areof metal and are insulated on the drum shaft 27 which also carriesinsulated metal disks 97 and 98 connected through contact brushes 99 and100 and conductors 101, 102 with a source of current (not shown) and thepole screws 103, 104of the magnet 70.

105, 106 designate conductors which con- -nect the eXtreme contacts ofthe groups of contacts with eachother, andthe eXtreme contacts in eachrow are connected through conductors 107, 108 and 109, 110 withv the endplate 95 and the end plate 96'respectively, each of which is againconnected through conductors 111, 112 with one of the means of toothedgearing 113, 114, 115 from v."jthe'screw 16. The magnet 47 maybeconnected directlvA with lthe telegraph line through the contact'screws 116, 117. ",118 designates an ink roller mounted in v sition,shown in Fig. 5, in Whic is stoppedby the frame-32.' `In the mean- Thedrum is driven by4 arms 119 which are pivoted on pins 120 in the frameand are acted upon by a spring 121 so as to make the saidl roller engagethe letter ty es on the type wheel 26.

The a ove-described receiving apparatus operates in the followingmanner: First the k.motor 48 is started so as to rotate the screw 16with a certain velocity. At the transmitting station is telegraphed forinstance the" signal b in accordance with the alpha-4 bet (Fig. 1). Assoon as the first impulse of current. passes through the electro-magnet47 the armature 46 will be attracted, so

that the rods 37 land 41 Will be rotated by means of the links- 44, 45.The block 34 will first be coupled to the screw 16through 'the 38, andthe arm above-mentioned devices 40 53 will-by its spring 55 be forced inbetween the arms 56 :of the tongs and hold the latter closed; at thesame time arm with the lug 35 is raised by means of the members 37, 36,so that the lug 35 during the movement of the block tothe right willstrike against the lever 30 of the first type piece 5, whereby thelatter springs upinto the ulpermost poposition it 4 time the block 34 ismoved on'. Assocn as the firstimpulse has ceased, the armature 46 of theelectro-magnet will be moved back by its spring; the rods 37 and 41 willbe rotated in the opposite direction to the one mentioned above; the arm33 with the lug 35 will again fall down, while the tongs will con` tinuetheir grip on the screw 16, the arm 53 'still -retaining the tongs inthis position. yAfter this first impulse of current an'interwithoutraising it. When the .interval has passed, the next, longer impulse ofcurrent 1s produced. AThe armature 46 will again be attracted Vand thearm 33 with the lug 35 be raised releasing the third and fourth type11oAv pieces and so on, as it will remain in the I raised position aslong as the impulse of current lasts. When the impulse ceases, the lasttype piece will be forced up, andthe block 34 will then have moved on sofar, that the lock arm 53 will glide up with its foremost end onto theinclined lug 58, so that the opposite end of the arm will be moved outof its position between the arms of the tongs whereupon the tongs areopened by the 'spring 39, `so that the block 34 will be re'- leased andmoved back quickly into itsfinit-ial positionby'the arm 59 acted upon bythe spring 60. The typegcorresponding to the transmitted signall has nowbeen formed.y The letter type corresponding to'- this-Morse type is nowprinted in theV following manner: As long as the motor and the screwAare in action, the contact drum` 24 is rotated. The frame 32 and thelug 64 1n eov the meantime are during the setting u Aof on the block 34striking against the inclinednose 81 ofthe bell crank lever 77; thebifurcated member 67 with the frame 32 and the row of type pieces arethen released, and the lug 64 will be pressed against the drum. When nowthe slot 66 comes on a line with the lug 64, the latter enters the oovethrough the slot 66, and the ralsed type pieces are pressed against thedrum. When the row of contacts on the drum corresponding to the typemeets the latter, the circuit through the magnet 70 will be closed,whereby the armature 69 is attracted, so that the arm 71 of the latterwill act upon the lever 73 with the roller 75 and swing it up againstthe paper-'strip and the type in quest-ion on the letter type Wheel 26,whereby the letter is printed on the paper strip. Simultaneouslyherewith the fork 67v connected with the armature 6 9 will press the rod31 with the frame 32 down, so that the lug'64 will, owing to its beveledface engaging the edge of the groove 65 swing to one side and bei pulledout of the `groove 65, while the frame will take the raised `ty e pieces5 down into their lowest position'(pshown in Fig. 5), in which positionthey are 'again locked by the arm b of lever 30. The hook 78 will nowagain engage withthewfork 67 thereby retaining lthe same' and the frame32.-

It will be understood, that the Morse type is pulled off from-the drumsimultaneously with the stroke Aof the pressing roller 7 5, so that thepossibility of a closing of contact with the next row of contacts onthedrum. is quite out of the question, andthe lpressing roller will.snap back immediatelyafter the stroke of the current through the magnet70 is broken, when the contact with the drum. of the type set up'ceases.The feedingof the paper strip has taken place during the setting up ofthe type, and now it remains at rest during they return movement` of theblock 34 to be pulled lanew forward a certain distance, when the nexttype is set up."

Fig. 6 is-a diagram showing howan apparatus constructed in accordancewith the above-described principle for example 'can be adapted fortransmitting as well as for receiving signals and the like. Thisapparatus is shown in combination with a system of conductors fortransmitting the slgnals by electro-magnetic lwaves'. A24 designates-the contact drum, on .the shaft'ofwhich.

is mounted a loosero e pulley 122 normally connected by a coup 'ng 123,124 with the connection wlth one shaft 27. This coupling is adapted tobe,

released by means of an electro-magnet 125 acting on the armature 126connected by a link 127 with the coupling member 124. The couplingmember 124 is forced in a well known manner by a spring not' shown upagainst the coupling member 123 on the rope pulley. The drum shaft 27also carries two metal disks 97, 98, which are insulated from the shaftand each disk is `connected by conductors 107, 109 with one of theextreme contacts of the contact rows on the drum. One of these disks 98is connected through the contact brush 100 and the conductor 128, inwhich thel printing magnet 70 is cut into pole of the source of current129, the other disk 97 being connected through the contact brush 99 and'the conductor 130 with the other pole'of the same source of current. Thedrum shaft 27 also carries aletter type wheel 26 and a bevel gear Wheel131 gearlng with a bevel gear vwheel 132V on a shaft 133 carrying an arm134 extending across three 'metal rings 135, 136, 137. In the ring 135is a series of holes 138 corresponding to the number of contact rows onthe drum; and through these holes known manner. From the metal ring 137a conductor 140 leads through the magnet '125 to the conductor 130 bet'ween the brush,

metal pins- 139 can be pushed up in a well 99 and one pole of the sourceof current 129; A

and from the ring 135 a conductor 141 leads 'to the conductor 128between the other con- 137 a contact member 142, 143 and 144 re-lspectively. The former two of these contact members slide on theirrespective rlngs, the

` third one 144, which is electrically connected to the contact-'piece143 is :adapted to close contact with the metal pins 139, when the.

latter has been pushed up. At the same time the pin'in questionstrikesagainst a downward extending metal plate 145 on the arm 134, which metalplate is connected with the contact 142, and thereby the movement of thevsaid plate stopped. The relative position of the pins 139 in thering135 is such as to brin about the said stoppage at the moment w len thecontact row on the drum corresponding to the mark or letter of the keyis on a line with such parts of the apparatus as are to coperate withthe contact row in question. Under the drum 24 a row of type pieces 5is'provided in air-ame 32 for instance in the manner shown in Fig.

5; and under this row of type pieces is, disposed a block 34 providedwith releasing device 35 for the type pieces, which block is a ropelpulley 147 has beenprovided from which a rope 148 passes around the ropepulley 122 on the drum shaft.

149 is la transmitting circuit with operating key 150 forelectromagnetic wa'ves and 151 a similar receiving system with -relay152. On the rear arm of the transmitting key 150'is an armature 153intended to be acted upon by an electromagnet 154 .connected on one handthrough a conductor 155, the source of current 129 and a conductor 156with a metal piece 157 secured to andl insulated from a bell crank lever159 and onthe other hand said velectro-magnet is connected through aconductor 160 with another of these metal pieces 158 which is insulatedfrom the piece 157. The lever -159 is pivoted 0n a pin 161 in a slide162 movable on .a rod 163, which slide has two ribs 164, 165

extending downward. This slide, during the Ause of the apparatus as atransmitting apparatus, is placed on lits rod under the drum, where theframe 32 is now shown, in such a manner as 5 extend closely up to thecontact rows of the drum; and a reciprocating movement of the slide 162on the rod 163 is impartedto the slide by a projection 166 on the block34.'

This projection enters between the downwardly-extendingribs 164, 165 ofthe'block tothe left ofthe lower end 167 of the lever 159 and will,therefore, during the movement of the block 34 to the right on the screw16, first strike against the lower end 167 of the arm and swing thesame, so that the metal pieces 5 will get into contact with the surfaceof-the drum and the contacts of the same; then it will strikeV againstthe rib 164 of the slide and move the latter to the right. Throughoutthis movement the metal pieces are in contact with the contact row inquestion on the drum. l/ Vh'en the block 34, in-

Va well known manner, is moved back, the

lever 159 is first released, so that the metal pieces 157, 158 will passclear of the drum, and then the projection 166 engages the rib 165 ofthe slide and moves it back into its The vslide with the metal pieces157, 158, Fig. 6, 'is used in transmitting signals and the like. Themagnet 47 is inserted in a circuit 16,8, 169, 170, 130,

initial position.

129, 155, 128, 141, which can be closed byl the contact members 143,144. A

The mode of operation of this apparatus will now be described, the.pres'um tion beingA first that the slide 162 with t e metal pieces157,158 are in operating position under the contact drum. The motor 48is first started, and the screw 16, the drum 24 and the arm 134 willthen be rotated with uniform velocity. If now a key, for instance theone corresponding to thev letter A, he ressed, the metal in 139 inquestion will e raised. Then, w eri4 theplate 145 on the arm 134 strikesagainst this pin, the arin and to make the metal pieces- -with it thecontact drum will be stopped; at the same time circuit 140, 130,129,155, 128, 141 is closed in the first place by means of the Contactpieces'142, `144 and the pin 39, the magnet 125 attracts its armaturethe screw-16 continues its rotating movemeut; thereupon the circuit 168,169, 170, 130, 129, 155, 128, 141, 139 for the magnet 47 is closed bythe contact pieces 143, 144, the pin 139 and the rings 135, 136, whichmagnet 47 through its armature and link belonging theretorevolvslthe-rod 41 so that the block 34 will be'coupled to the screw andbegin to move to the right on the same. According as now the metalpieces 157, 158 simultaneouslyl touch one of 4the contacts 1 in the rowon the Contact drum, the circuit 15o, 129,-155, 160 through the magnet151L will be closed,the telegraph key 150 will be acted upon, so thatthe transmitting circuit 149 will be closed and a train of electricwaves will be transmitted. The wave-trains thus transmitted will thencorrespond to the signal for 'the letter A. When vthe block 34 hasreached the end of its path, it will be released and, in` theabove-described manner, be moved back into its initial position,whereupon a fresh signal can be transmitted in vthe same manner. lAs areceiver this `apparatus operates in the following manner: The frame 32then occupies its operative position instead of the slide 162. Awave-train acting on the relay 1252 in the receiver system 151 willthen, at each impulse, close the circuit 169, 129 of the magnet 47thereby first coupling the block 34 to the screw land then, according asthe latter is moved to the right, releasing type pieces in the frame'32, until the block has reached the end of its path. rihe frame 32 isthen raised iny the manner describedabovewith reference to strikes thecorresponding contact row on` t drum, the circuit 107, 97, 99, 130, 129,128 magnet 70, 128, 100, 98, 109 is closed through the magnet which, inthemanner hereinbefore described causes the letter type or the like tobe printed on the paper strip and the frame 32 and the type pieces 5 tobe moved back.

The present system renders a secret transmission of signals possible inVarious ways. Thus various kinds of signals differing from the usualMorse signals lcan' be formed, as shown in Fig. 1. These signals can becomposed in different ways, and their signification may be chosen atpleasure, s o that each country or the like can set up their own systemof signals different from others.

If the usual Morse code is used in telegraphing, a correspondence withsecret code or secret cipher can be established in the mannerherelnafter described, provided that, at the transmitting station,common code is 126 and-releases the coupling 123, 124, while asf Figs.r4 and5, and when .the set up type with key words, letters, or the like.

' sponding to the mark or Whether this is effected by hand lorautomatically by means of some apparatus or other is of ,no consequenceto the receiver apparatus, but preferabl a transmitting apparatus, likethe one a ove described, is used. If lnow at the receiver station thesame key word, letter, or the like, be used as at the transmittingstation and the apparatus are adjusted inl accordance therewith, thesecret code will automatically. be

lchanged into clear code. If, for instance,

the letters have been exchanged so as to make the letter type Acorrespond to the contact row X on the drum and X with -A (see Fig. 1),and an X be transmitted from the transmitting stat-iena Morse typecorreletter (Fig. 1) will rst be formed, and this Morse type will thenfind its corresponding X on the drumf But now the letter type A will beon a line withthe row and the letter A Will be printed on the paperinstead of X. In this manner letter by letter will bechangedautomatically from secret to clear code.

An arrangement for transmitting autolmatically controlling signals orthe like from the receiver station 'by means of electromagnetic ywavesis shown 4diagrammatically in Fig. 7. 171 is a rod pivotally mounted andheld in the position'shown in the drawing by a spring 172 and -astationary member. 173 both of Which act on an armature 174'disposed onan arm 175 on the rod. Opposite the armature 174 is an electromagnet 176which, when excited, will attract the armature and rotate the rod 171.

latter four circuits moreover are pressed againstv v203 respectivelyAlongside the rod are arranged a series `(here seven) of circuitbreakers I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, each consisting ofa yielding hook 177 and a portion 178 formed as a magnet armature. -The breaker I islocated in the circuit of a motor 181 which receives its current from asource of current 182.

i l. The breakervII is inserted in the circuit of the above-mentionedmagnet 4 17 6. The breakers III-VI are arranged each in one Aof thecircuits from a battery r183 through electro-magnets-184, 185, 186, 187and the relays 188, 1'89, 190, 191 which on being excited will closecircuits of the electro- -motors 192, 193, the electro-magnetl 194, and

the igniting cartridge 195A respectively which controlled by the breakerVII. Each of the electromagnets 184, 185, 186, 187 has its armaturelocated .on one end of levers 196,' 197 198, 199 respectivelytheopposite ends of which are "of conducting material and may by means ofthe respective electro-magnets be metal disks 200, 201, 202, disposed onthe shaft 204 are in conducting connection with said shaft and havetheir circumferen'cesprovided with insulating pieces 205 of such ashape, extent and arrangement as to make each disk represent forinstance a particular Morse signal. IThe conducting ends of the arms196, 197, 198, 199 Aare connected through conductors 206, 207 208, 209and a conductor 210 with one end of the primary winding 211 in atransmitting circuit for electromagnetic waves,and the shaft 204 isconnected through conductors 212, 213 with the source of current 183-and the other end ofsaid primary winding. A -If in this instance 'thebreaker I is first closed from a transmitting station, a current willpass from the source of current 182 throu h the motor l181 which I Ifthereupon for instance the breaker III be closed, a current will passfrom the-source of current 183 through the electro-magnet 184 and therelay 18,8; the contact arm 196 w1ll be pressed up against the disk 200and l Will then rotate the s aft 204 With the disks.

the controlling signal in question will be transmitted.- lVhen now theperson operating the transmitting apparatus has lreceived thecontrolling signal, he will know that the 4 circuit through the, motor192, which may for -instance be 'intended to produce the f movement of atorpedo in the starboard dlrect'lon (to the right), is ready to beclosed. He now transmits a signal by which the breaker VII is closed andtherebythe motor 192 is made to rotate. When the torpedo has taken thedesired course, the letteror the like corresponding to the breaker IImay be transmitted whereby the current will be closed through the magnet176 which lwill rotate therod 171 and thereby cause allthe breakers tobe opened. In the same manner the other motor 193, the

magnet 194, and the igniting cartridge 195 can be acted upon and so on,as a greater Y number of different apparatus can be inserted. It willthus be possible to produce at a distance any desired motion afterhaving first received a control-signal indicating that the propercircuit is ready to be closed.

Referring a ain to the transmittin apparat-us I shalnow proceed todescribe a new form of execution similar to that shown in Fig. 6 butdiffering in some respects from this. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view ofthis modified formof the transmitting apparatus. 16 is the screw whichmoves the electro-magnet 15 (in-Figs. 1 and 2)` with an adjusted,constant velocity. The end of this screw moves a Worm wheel 2,14 ontheftop of a rod 215 which goes through' a disk 216.

The number of teethnof the Wheel' 214 is. so

chosen in proportion to the screw that the Wheel 214 'will make onerevolution in the same space` of time which the electro-magnet 15 (inFigs. 1 and 2) should use to move from the startto the end position,that is to Ill.4

. to set'up .a Morse type. The disk 216-consists of 'an insulatingmaterialv and carries two metal rings 217 and 218, one of which (218) isdivided into eight pieces of equal length, one of which pieces is madeof an insulating material, while the others are of some metal and arelinsulated from each other.. Over the rings is placed an arm 219 which.carries two contacts 220 and 221, which are metallic combined and whichlie close on to the rings and make contact be tween them. The arm 219 isattached to a lcylinder. 222 whichby some known meanscan 'be connectedto the rod 215' during one revolution of tbe latter,

The devices provided for actuating the arm 219 and the lever 224 are thefollowing: The shaft 215, which is constantly rotated by aymotor or thelike, carries at its lower end a toothed disk 223. Thecontact arm 219 isfast with the .sleeve n which is connected with the hollow sleevel222.The stop lever 224 at the inner side ofthe pivot pin has a tooth or anarm a (Fig. 9) which is pressed downwardly by the spring o. When thestop lever 224 with its left hand end is pressed downwardly by theelectro-magnet armature 225,4 its tooth m will bepressed down betweentwo teeth of the toothed disk 223. `The right hand end-'0f the lever 224will then get above the hook b which| will retain it in this positionuntil the arm f of the hook b (Figs. 9, 10 and 11) toward the end of therevolution strikes against a fixed pin g (Figs. 10 and 1-1) which raisesthe arm f thereby releasing'the lever 224, so that the latter will beforced by the spring G out of engagement with; the toothed disk 223. Onaccount of friction between the Ashaft 215 and the sleeve 9), Which asalready stated, is connected with the sleeve 222, the latter will befurther rotated for a distance, until ,the arm f strikes against anotherpin h which stops it. 4Thereby -thecontact arm 219 gets back to itsinitial posiwardly, ,thereby raising the arm out of l ,can be soarranged, that thev lever 224 will engagement with the pin z. Thecontact arm 219 thereupon performs one revolution, as before. In theigure the rodA 21'5 is fitted with a hollow wheel 223 with -teeth intowhich may slip a lever 224 which is worked iby an armature 225 of anelectro-magnet 225. In afwell known manner this coupling slipautomatically out of the wheel 223, when the latter has made v'onerevolution. To each of thel seven metal pieces of the "ringv 218 areconnected/conductors which leads to seven metal pieces 226,v 227228,229, 230,

231, 232. From these pieces conductors leads 'Lomme to some metalsprings 233, which are insu- V nwhich can push against aflever 237 whichwill press a contact 238 against a spring 239 sothat the current from abattery 240 may flow through the windings of the magnet 225. For thesake of simplicity there is shown only three keys-the A, B and C key.The metal ring 217 is througha conductor 241 connected withthe battery240 'and an electro-magnet 242 acting on a Morse key 243 in the waveorcurrent transmitting system, which electro-magnet is on the other sideconnected to the metal pieces 235 on the keys by means of a conductor244.

The apparatus will work in the following way: When at the transmittingstation a telegram is to be sent, the motor is first started and movesthe screw 16 with a constant velocity. The operator then has only topress down the keyslwhich are marked lwith the letters and signs to betransmitted.

If he presses down the key A, the metal piece 235 will ,make contactwith the corresponding metal spring groups and thereby with thecorresponding `metal pieces of the ring 218 by` A it will be the 1st,2nd, 5th, 6th, and 7th. Moreover the key will push against the lever 237and establish contact between 238 and. 239, and thereby the current willflow through the electro-magnet 225 and cause the lever 224 to connectthe arm 219 to the shaft 215. The arm 219 will therefore slide over therings 217 and 218 and lead the current from the metal piece-scorresponding to the letter A and over the ring 213, the conductor 241through the electro-magnet 242, -which acts upon the Morse key 243,andthe key 243 will cause the spark etc. to start. During one round -ofthe arm 219 there will therefore pass so ing. This may be done inseveral known manners. Y

Iv claim: i V 1. In a signal receiving system, a serles of.

iso

a relay in said circuit, a local electric circuit controlled by the saidrelay, an electromagnet in said local electric circuit, metal pieces,means actuated by said ,magnet to selectively position said pieces, rowsof insulated contacts each of which rows forms part of a second localcircuit, means for moving the selected metal pieces relatively to and incontact with the rows of contacts, and an electrically operated deviceinserted in the electric circuit comprising a row of contacts.

3. In a signal receiving system, an electro-magnet, a series of metalpieces, means actuated by said magnet to selectivel posi-- tion saidpieces, and rows of insulate metal pieces, each of which rows forms partof an electric circuit, means to eiect the electrical connection of therow of metal pieces corresponding to the selection of the metal piecesin the series, and an electrically operated device in each circuit.

4. In a signal system, rows of insulated contacts, each row comprising adiierent arrangement of contacts, said rows forming parts of electriccircuits, a plurality of electric circuits including vdifferentelectrically controlled apparatus, a circuit breaker in each-.of theseveral clrcuits the members of which are to be acted upon b the closingof one of the rows of insulate contacts.

5. Ina system of reproducing signals, the

vcombination with a number of metal pieces arranged. 1n a row, means toselectively position said pieces in operative position, said posltionmgmeans operated by current 1mpulses, a normally open local circuitcontainin as many parallel branches as there are se ective combinationsto be produced by said metal pieces and each branch having differentcombinations of gaps in order to control'the branches, and means to movethe branches over the metal pieces until all the gaps of that branch areclosed which corre'- spond to the metal pieces selected, thereby closingthe local circuit, and means in said circuit for producing a signal.

6. In a signal systema drum having rows of contacts thereon, each rowhaving a different arrangement of contacts,v and meansA to rotate thedrum; in combination with a row of independently movable contacts, meanstraversable along said row of movable contacts to selectively positionthem in correspondencev with a signal to close that row of contacts onthe drum corresponding to the signal set up on the movable contacts. Intestimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed mylnaine in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ABRAHAM NILSEN HOVLAND.

Witnesses J. BonnnsEN, C. BUrnNsoHIN.

